Filaments are the normal growth form of a variety of species and not abnormalities. Jenkins, Richard and Daigger are the best resources in my opinion. There are a variety of ways to discourage filaments,  improve settling, and control foam.  The charts presented are useful but the overall article is oversimplified.

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Filaments are the normal growth form of a variety of species and not abnormalities. Jenkins, Richard and Daigger are the best resources in my opinion. There are a variety of ways to discourage filaments,  improve settling, and control foam.  The charts presented are useful but the overall article is oversimplified.