Each supplier provides the ...

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Each supplier provides the "best" and "new" technology. MBR is a good example of such push technology which is the "best" for the suppliers of membranes but not really for their owners and users considering its high investment and operating costs.

Unfortunately there exists no single silver bullet "best" technology for all kinds of wastewater and for all treatment steps that will meet all criteria and constraints for any application.

Example: Over 90% of the organics (COD, BOD) in many wastewaters can be converted to green energy (methane) as opposed to consuming even more energy in conventional treatment such as CAS, SBR, MBR, MBBR, ... considered as "best" by their suppliers.

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